微积分I(标准路径) · free preview

§1.5 Interpreting, estimating, and using the derivative (continued)

在运动物体位置以外的情境中,函数的导数度量的是什么?

1. Summary

Summary

2. Acceleration of a tossed ball

A ball tossed upward has velocity v(t)=16−32tv(t) = 16 - 32t ft/sec at time tt seconds. What is v′(1)v'(1) and what does it represent?

3. Coffee cooling rate

Coffee temperature is F(t)=75+110e−0.05tF(t) = 75 + 110e^{-0.05t} degrees Fahrenheit. A central difference with h=0.01h = 0.01 gives F′(10)≈−3.336F'(10) \approx -3.336. This value means the coffee

4. Comparing depreciation rates

A car's value is h(m)h(m) dollars after mm miles. Data suggests the value curve is decreasing and bending upward as mileage grows. Which relation holds?

5. Average depreciation rate

The same car satisfies h(40000)=15500h(40000) = 15500 and h(55000)=13200h(55000) = 13200 dollars. Compute the average rate of change of value on [40000,55000][40000, 55000], in dollars per mile, rounded to three decimals.

6. Coffee cooling by central difference

For F(t)=75+110e−0.05tF(t) = 75 + 110e^{-0.05t}, a central difference with h=0.01h = 0.01 at t=10t = 10 gives a value. Round it to three decimals, degrees per minute.

7. Units of sensitivity

If a drug dose of qq milliliters raises body temperature by T=f(q)T = f(q) degrees Fahrenheit, then the sensitivity s(q)=f′(q)s(q) = f'(q) is measured in degrees Fahrenheit per milliliter.

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