微积分I(标准路径) · free preview

§3.1 Related rates (continued)

如果两个相互关联的量(例如球形气球的半径和体积)都在作为时间的隐函数而变化,那么它们的变化率之间有什么关系?也就是说,这些量取值之间的关系如何影响它们各自对时间的导数之间的关系?

1. Exercises (continued)

Exercises (continued)

2. Summary

Summary

3. Skateboarder versus his shadow tip

With dxdt=3\frac{dx}{dt} = 3 and dsdt=2\frac{ds}{dt} = 2, the tip of the shadow sits at y=x+sy = x + s. Its speed dydt\frac{dy}{dt} equals

4. Sailboat pulled toward the dock

A rope runs from a boat's bow over a pulley 55 feet higher, with rope length zz and horizontal distance xx, so x2+25=z2x^2 + 25 = z^2. The rope is pulled in at 22 feet per second. When x=12x = 12 we have z=13z = 13, and the boat approaches the dock at

5. Shadow behavior at distance

As the skateboarder moves away from the lamppost, the rate dsdt\frac{ds}{dt} of his shadow's lengthening

6. Shadow lengthening rate

With 3s=2x3s = 2x and dxdt=3\frac{dx}{dt} = 3 feet per second, compute dsdt\frac{ds}{dt} in feet per second.

7. Conical sand pile growth

Sand falls at 1010 cubic feet per minute onto a conical pile with radius always equal to height. When the pile volume reaches 10001000 cubic feet, dhdt=10πh2\frac{dh}{dt} = \frac{10}{\pi h^2} with h=3000π3h = \sqrt[3]{\frac{3000}{\pi}}. Compute dhdt\frac{dh}{dt}, rounded to four decimals.

8. Rope length rate sign

In the sailboat problem, the rope length zz satisfies dzdt=−2\frac{dz}{dt} = -2 feet per second because the rope is being pulled in.

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