Multivariable Calculus · free preview

Differentiability and Linear Approximation

The total derivative as a linear replacement for the function, the tangent plane as its graph, and the gap between having partial derivatives and being genuinely differentiable.

1. The derivative of a multivariable function is a linear map

The derivative of a multivariable function is a linear map

2. Linear approximation in practice

Linear approximation in practice

3. Partials existing is weaker than differentiability

Partials existing is weaker than differentiability

4. Using the approximation with error awareness

Using the approximation with error awareness

5. Building the tangent plane

For f(x,y)=x2yf(x, y) = x^2 y at the point (1,2)(1, 2), what is the tangent plane to the graph of ff?

6. Estimating with the plane

Using the linear approximation of f(x,y)=x2yf(x, y) = x^2 y at (1,2)(1, 2), what is the estimate of f(1.1,2.05)f(1.1, 2.05)?

7. Partials exist but no differentiability

A function has both partial derivatives at the origin, both equal to 00. What can be concluded?

8. The error of a linear estimate

For f(x,y)=x2yf(x, y) = x^2 y, the linear approximation at (1,2)(1, 2) estimates f(1.1,2.05)f(1.1, 2.05) as 2.452.45. Give the true value minus the estimate, as a decimal like 0.0305.

9. A three-variable linear term

For f(x,y,z)=x2z+yz2f(x, y, z) = x^2 z + yz^2 at the base point (1,1,1)(1, 1, 1), the linear approximation is f(1,1,1)+fx(1,1,1)(x−1)+fy(1,1,1)(y−1)+fz(1,1,1)(z−1)f(1,1,1) + f_x(1,1,1)(x-1) + f_y(1,1,1)(y-1) + f_z(1,1,1)(z-1). Give the coefficient of the term (x−1)(x - 1), as a plain number.

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