Calculus Volume 2 · free preview

Partial Fractions

A rational function with factorable denominator decomposes into a sum of simple fractions whose integrals are logarithms and arctangents, reducing any proper rational integral to the completed table.

1. The decomposition theorem

The decomposition theorem

2. Long division first

Long division first

3. Irreducible quadratics and repeated factors

Irreducible quadratics and repeated factors

4. A full example

A full example

5. Proper fraction requirement

Before decomposing into partial fractions, a rational function must satisfy which condition?

6. Coefficient solving method

To find A and B in the decomposition of (3x + 5)/((x - 1)(x + 3)), which method is fastest?

7. Irreducible quadratic term

A partial fraction (Bx + C)/(x^2 + 4) integrates to which pair of terms?

8. Repeated linear factor

The denominator (x - 1)^2 contributes which partial fraction structure?

9. Heaviside cover-up

The shortcut of substituting each factor's root to isolate coefficients is known by which name?

10. Linear factor integral

The partial fraction A/(ax + b) integrates to what kind of function? Answer with one word.

11. Completing the square inside

A quadratic denominator x^2 + 2x + 5 is irreducible. Which completed form enables its partial fraction's integration?

12. Quadratic factor integral

The partial fraction over an irreducible quadratic integrates to a logarithm plus which other function? Answer with one word.

13. Division quotient

Dividing x^2 by x + 1 gives quotient x - 1 and remainder 1. How many terms does the decomposition of the proper remainder have over the single linear factor? Answer with a number.

14. Constant from substitution

Clearing denominators in 3x + 5 = A(x + 3) + B(x - 1) and substituting x = 1 gives 8 = 4A. What is A? Answer with a number.

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