Calculus Volume 2 · free preview
Partial Fractions
A rational function with factorable denominator decomposes into a sum of simple fractions whose integrals are logarithms and arctangents, reducing any proper rational integral to the completed table.
1. The decomposition theorem
The decomposition theorem
2. Long division first
Long division first
3. Irreducible quadratics and repeated factors
Irreducible quadratics and repeated factors
4. A full example
A full example
5. Proper fraction requirement
Before decomposing into partial fractions, a rational function must satisfy which condition?
6. Coefficient solving method
To find A and B in the decomposition of (3x + 5)/((x - 1)(x + 3)), which method is fastest?
7. Irreducible quadratic term
A partial fraction (Bx + C)/(x^2 + 4) integrates to which pair of terms?
8. Repeated linear factor
The denominator (x - 1)^2 contributes which partial fraction structure?
9. Heaviside cover-up
The shortcut of substituting each factor's root to isolate coefficients is known by which name?
10. Linear factor integral
The partial fraction A/(ax + b) integrates to what kind of function? Answer with one word.
11. Completing the square inside
A quadratic denominator x^2 + 2x + 5 is irreducible. Which completed form enables its partial fraction's integration?
12. Quadratic factor integral
The partial fraction over an irreducible quadratic integrates to a logarithm plus which other function? Answer with one word.
13. Division quotient
Dividing x^2 by x + 1 gives quotient x - 1 and remainder 1. How many terms does the decomposition of the proper remainder have over the single linear factor? Answer with a number.
14. Constant from substitution
Clearing denominators in 3x + 5 = A(x + 3) + B(x - 1) and substituting x = 1 gives 8 = 4A. What is A? Answer with a number.
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