Calculus Volume 2 · free preview

Separable Equations

Separable equations factor as a function of x times a function of y, and separating the variables places each with its differential for direct integration, solving the equation by two quadratures.

1. The separation method

The separation method

2. Worked forms

Worked forms

3. Modeling with separation

Modeling with separation

4. The scope of separation

The scope of separation

5. Separable criterion

A differential equation is separable when the right side can be written in which form?

6. Separation step

To solve dy/dx = x y, which separated form results?

7. Implicit solutions

Separation of dy/dx = x/y gives y squared over 2 = x squared over 2 + C. If y cannot be conveniently isolated, what is the status of this relation?

8. Mixing steady state

A well-stirred tank's salt amount y(t) follows dy/dt = 20 - y/50. As t approaches infinity, y(t) approaches what value?

9. Lost solutions from division

Separating dy/dx = y(1 - y) by dividing by y(1 - y) loses which solutions?

10. Separated integral left side

Separating dy/dx = ky gives dy/y = k dx. Integrating the left side gives ln|y|. As a single expression, what is it? Answer like ln|y|.

11. Cooling as separation

Newton's cooling dT/dt = k(T - T_env) separates to dT/(T - T_env) = k dt. What solution form results?

12. Constant solution

For dy/dx = y(1 - y), the values y = 0 and y = 1 make the right side zero, giving constant solutions called what? Answer with one word.

13. Mixing separation

The mixing equation dy/dt = 20 - y/50 rewrites as dy/(1000 - y) = dt/50 after factoring. As a fraction, what is the coefficient of y in the denominator's form 1000 - y? Answer with a number.

14. Separation validity

Dividing by h(y) during separation is invalid where h(y) = 0, possibly losing solutions. The constant solutions so lost are recovered by what? Answer with two words.

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