Calculus Volume 2 · free preview

Taylor and Maclaurin Series

The Taylor series of a function at a point assembles the derivatives into coefficients, c_n equals the nth derivative over n factorial, the polynomial approximations refined to infinite order, with the remainder's limit certifying the expansion's validity.

1. The coefficient formula

The coefficient formula

2. The remainder theorem

The remainder theorem

3. Binomial series and applications

Binomial series and applications

4. Calculating with series

Calculating with series

5. Coefficient formula

The coefficient c_n of the Taylor series of f at a equals which expression?

6. Maclaurin definition

A Taylor series centered at a = 0 is called what?

7. Remainder limit

The Taylor series of f equals f(x) exactly when which condition holds?

8. Binomial exponent range

The binomial series for (1 + x)^k converges for |x| less than 1 for non-integer k, and at x = 1 converges when which condition holds?

9. Cosine series

The Maclaurin series of cos x is sum of (-1)^n x^(2n)/(2n)!. Which feature of the cosine's derivatives produces the even powers only?

10. Exponential Maclaurin constant

Every derivative of e^x at 0 equals 1, so the Maclaurin coefficient c_n equals 1 over what function of n? Answer like n factorial.

11. Sine Maclaurin first term

The Maclaurin series of sin x begins with the term x. As a power, what is its exponent? Answer with a number.

12. Remainder factorial

The Lagrange remainder divides by (N + 1) factorial. As a number, how many more derivative orders than N does it involve? Answer with a number.

13. Remainder bound for e^x

For the exponential's Maclaurin series, the remainder is at most e^|x| times |x|^(N+1) over (N + 1) factorial. Why does this tend to zero?

14. Binomial coefficient recursion

The generalized binomial coefficient binom(k, n) satisfies binom(k, n+1) equals binom(k, n) times (k - n) over (n + 1). As a number, what is the denominator? Answer with a number.

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