Calculus Volume 3 · free preview

Equations of Lines and Planes in Space

Lines in space need a point and a direction vector, planes need a point and a normal vector, with parametric, symmetric, and point-normal forms the working equations and distances from points to lines and planes following from projections.

1. Lines in space

Lines in space

2. Planes and the normal vector

Planes and the normal vector

3. Distances

Distances

4. Intersections and angles

Intersections and angles

5. Line direction vector

The parametric line x = 1 + 2t, y = 3 - t, z = 2 + 4t has which direction vector?

6. Plane normal from points

To find the plane through three points, the normal vector is obtained how?

7. Point-normal form

The plane with normal (1, 2, 3) through (0, 0, 0) has which equation?

8. Point to plane distance

The distance from (x_1, y_1, z_1) to the plane Ax + By + Cz = D is which expression?

9. Line-plane intersection

To find where a parametric line meets a plane, what does one do?

10. Symmetric equations denominator

The symmetric equations of a line divide x - x_0 by a. As a single letter, what is a? Answer with one lowercase letter.

11. Skew lines count

Two nonparallel nonintersecting lines in space are called skew. As a number, how many such lines can exist in a plane? Answer with a number.

12. Plane dimension match

A plane's general form is one scalar equation, matching its how many intrinsic dimensions? Answer with a number.

13. Plane-plane angle

The angle between two intersecting planes is defined as the angle between which vectors?

14. Normal magnitude in distance

The point-to-plane distance divides by the root of A squared + B squared + C squared, the magnitude of what vector? Answer with two words.

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