Organic Chemistry · free preview

Chapter 21: Review and Practice

Carboxylic acid derivatives—compounds in which the –OH group of a carboxylic acid has been replaced by another substituent—are among the most widely occurring of all molecules and are involved in almost all biological pathways. In this chap

1. Carboxylic acid derivatives—compounds in which the –OH group

Carboxylic acid derivatives—compounds in which the –OH group

2. The most common reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives are

The most common reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives are

3. Chemistry Matters — β-Lactam Antibiotics

Chemistry Matters — β-Lactam Antibiotics

4. Closely related to the penicillins are the cephalosporins, a

Closely related to the penicillins are the cephalosporins, a

5. Summary of Reactions

Summary of Reactions

6. Additional Problems

Additional Problems

7. Problem 21-31 (a) (b) Problem 21-32 (a) (b) Problem 21-33 (a

Problem 21-31 (a) (b) Problem 21-32 (a) (b) Problem 21-33 (a

8. Problem 21-35 Pivalic mixed anhydrides are often used to for

Problem 21-35 Pivalic mixed anhydrides are often used to for

9. Problem 21-39 Succinic anhydride yields the cyclic imide suc

Problem 21-39 Succinic anhydride yields the cyclic imide suc

10. Problem 21-43 The following reaction, called the benzilic ac

Problem 21-43 The following reaction, called the benzilic ac

11. Problem 21-47 (a) Three acid chlorides having the formula C_

Problem 21-47 (a) Three acid chlorides having the formula C_

12. Problem 21-51 What product would you expect to obtain from G

Problem 21-51 What product would you expect to obtain from G

13. Problem 21-55 Explain the observation that attempted Fischer

Problem 21-55 Explain the observation that attempted Fischer

14. Problem 21-59 tert-Butoxycarbonyl azide, a reagent used in p

Problem 21-59 tert-Butoxycarbonyl azide, a reagent used in p

15. Problem 21-63 Polyimides with the structure shown are used a

Problem 21-63 Polyimides with the structure shown are used a

16. Problem 21-67 The following reactivity order has been found

Problem 21-67 The following reactivity order has been found

17. Problem 21-71 Butacetin is an analgesic (pain-killing) agent

Problem 21-71 Butacetin is an analgesic (pain-killing) agent

18. Problem 21-75 One frequently used method for preparing methy

Problem 21-75 One frequently used method for preparing methy

19. Problem 21-79 Propose a structure for the compound with the

Problem 21-79 Propose a structure for the compound with the

20. Key Terms

Key Terms

21. - carboxylic acid derivative - chain-growth polymer - ester

  • carboxylic acid derivative - chain-growth polymer - ester

22. - lactam - lactone - nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction

  • lactam - lactone - nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction

23. - step-growth polymer - thioester

  • step-growth polymer - thioester

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