Principles of Finance · free preview

Agency Issues in Corporate Governance

Agency problems arise whenever one party acts for another and interests diverge, between stockholders and managers, investors and creditors, and stockholders and other stakeholders, and they are mitigated by incentives, long-term compensation, penalties, monitoring, and ESG-aligned practice.

1. The agency problem defined

The agency problem defined

2. Stockholders versus management

Stockholders versus management

3. Investors versus creditors

Investors versus creditors

4. Stakeholders and ESG considerations

Stakeholders and ESG considerations

5. Defining the agency problem

Which statement best defines an agency problem in the corporate setting?

6. The classic stockholder-manager conflict

Which executive decision is the clearest example of the stockholder-versus-management agency problem?

7. Aligning managers with owners

Which compensation design best aligns management incentives with shareholder interests?

8. Investors versus creditors

After borrowing heavily at a fixed rate, a firm's shareholders vote to invest all cash in a very risky venture. Why does this threaten the creditors?

9. Creditor protections

Which of the following is a standard creditor protection against risk-shifting by borrowers?

10. ESG and agency

In the lesson's framing, what role do ESG considerations play in agency problems?

11. The two parties

What two-word term names the party who hires another to act on its behalf in an agency relationship? Answer with two words, the first word being the economic term.

12. Manager perks

What nine-letter term names the benefits such as lavish offices and corporate jets that managers enjoy at shareholder expense? Write the term, singular.

13. The three letters

What three-letter abbreviation names the framework rating companies on environmental, social, and governance factors? Write the abbreviation.

14. The takeover discipline

What market mechanism disciplines poor managers by making a badly run company a purchase target for outsiders who will replace them? Answer with two words in lowercase.

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