微积分I(标准路径) · 免费预览

§1.5 Interpreting, estimating, and using the derivative (continued)

在运动物体位置以外的情境中,函数的导数度量的是什么?

1. Summary

Summary

2. Coffee cooling by central difference

For coffee with temperature F(t)=75+110e−0.05tF(t) = 75 + 110e^{-0.05t} degrees Fahrenheit, a central difference with h=0.01h = 0.01 at t=10t = 10 estimates F′(10)F'(10). Round to three decimals, in degrees per minute.

3. Coffee cooling rate

Coffee temperature is F(t)=75+110e−0.05tF(t) = 75 + 110e^{-0.05t} degrees Fahrenheit. A central difference with h=0.01h = 0.01 gives F′(10)≈−3.336F'(10) \approx -3.336. This value means the coffee

4. Comparing two coffee cooling rates

The same coffee satisfies F(t)=75+110e−0.05tF(t) = 75 + 110e^{-0.05t}, with F′(10)≈−3.336F'(10) \approx -3.336 degrees per minute. Which is greater, F′(10)F'(10) or F′(20)F'(20), and why?

5. Units of sensitivity

If a drug dose of qq milliliters raises body temperature by T=f(q)T = f(q) degrees Fahrenheit, then the sensitivity s(q)=f′(q)s(q) = f'(q) is measured in degrees Fahrenheit per milliliter.

6. When the tossed ball's velocity is greatest

A tossed ball has velocity v(t)=16−32tv(t) = 16 - 32t ft/sec for 0≤t≤20 \le t \le 2. The ball's velocity is greatest at t=0t = 0.

7. Acceleration of a tossed ball

A ball tossed upward has velocity v(t)=16−32tv(t) = 16 - 32t ft/sec at time tt seconds. What is v′(1)v'(1) and what does it represent?

8. Average depreciation rate

A car's value satisfies h(40000)=15500h(40000) = 15500 and h(55000)=13200h(55000) = 13200 dollars. Compute the average rate of change of value on [40000,55000][40000, 55000], in dollars per mile, rounded to three decimals.

9. Best estimate of an instantaneous depreciation rate

The same car also satisfies h(70000)=11100h(70000) = 11100 dollars. Using the best available estimate (a central difference), compute h′(55000)h'(55000) in dollars per mile, rounded to three decimals.

10. Comparing depreciation rates

A car's value is h(m)h(m) dollars after mm miles. Data suggests the value curve is decreasing and bending upward as mileage grows. Which relation holds?

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