Multivariable Calculus · 免费预览

多重积分的数值逼近

将黎曼和作为实用算法、在矩形和初等区域上使用中点法,以及在报告估计值时关注误差。

1. The definition doubles as an algorithm

The definition doubles as an algorithm

2. A worked midpoint computation

A worked midpoint computation

3. Regions beyond rectangles and higher dimensions

Regions beyond rectangles and higher dimensions

4. Reporting honestly

Reporting honestly

5. Where to sample

The midpoint rule samples each cell at which point?

6. Reading the refinement

Refining the grid by a factor of two in each direction reduced an estimate's error by roughly a factor of four. What law is on display?

7. Choosing the numerical route

An integral over a complicated region resists every substitution and order change. What is the sound response?

8. A single-cell estimate

Estimate ∬[0,2]×[0,2]xy dA\iint_{[0,2] \times [0,2]} x y\, dA with one midpoint cell, giving the estimate as a plain number.

9. Error after refinement

A midpoint estimate carries error 0.080.08 on a given grid. After refining by two in each direction, the expected error is 0.020.02. Give the expected error after one more identical refinement, as a decimal like 0.005.

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