Intermediate Microeconomics · 免费预览
规模报酬与成本
技术的规模算术关系决定了成本函数的形状：规模报酬不变对应平坦的平均成本，规模报酬递增使其下降，规模报酬递减使其上升；而在竞争性的 CRS 行业中，价格被钉在平均成本上，只有一种规模与正利润相容。
1. Scale stamps cost
Scale stamps cost
2. The zero-profit scaling argument
The zero-profit scaling argument
3. Scale and industry structure
Scale and industry structure
4. A worked pass
A worked pass
5. CRS and average cost
Under constant returns to scale, what does long-run average cost look like?
6. The scaling argument
A CRS competitive firm faces price above average cost. What is wrong?
7. Structure from scale
What market structure do increasing returns over the whole range imply?
8. DRS rescues supply
Why does a strictly decreasing-returns technology give a well-defined supply curve?
9. The DRS cost growth
For exponents 0.3 and 0.3, cost grows like y to the power 1 over 0.6. Compute that exponent 1 over 0.6, and write it to two decimals.
10. Doubling under CRS
Under the worked CRS cost c of y equals 12y, compute the cost of output 24, and write the number.
11. A thicker exponent sum
For exponents 0.4 and 0.4, cost grows like y to what power?
12. The long-run price under CRS
A CRS industry has cost c of y equals 12y. Where must the long-run price settle?
13. Rising average cost read
For exponents 0.3 and 0.3, cost grows like y to the 1.67. What does average cost do?
14. Flat at every scale
Under the worked CRS cost c of y equals 12y, what is average cost at y of 40?
15. Cost exponent at sum 0.8
For an exponent sum of 0.8, compute the cost exponent 1 over 0.8, and write the number with two decimals.
16. Cost exponent at sum 0.5
For an exponent sum of 0.5, compute the cost exponent 1 over 0.5, and write the number.