Inner Products, Projections and the SVD · 免费预览

角与正交性

1. Angles and Orthogonality

Angles and Orthogonality

For nonzero $x, y$ with inner product $\langle x, y\rangle$ , the cosine of the angle between them is

Angles and Orthogonality (2)

Angles and Orthogonality (3)

Angles and Orthogonality (4)

Vectors $x$ and $y$ enclose a right angle exactly when $\langle x, y\rangle$ equals ______ .

If $R$ is orthogonal, what does it do to lengths and angles?

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