Microeconomics · 免费预览
成本—收益分析与边际思维
关于某项活动是否再增加一个单位的成本—收益规则、边际收益等于边际成本时的停止规则，以及为什么沉没成本绝不应进入决策。
1. Decisions are made at the margin
Decisions are made at the margin
2. The stop rule in numbers
The stop rule in numbers
3. Sunk costs are already gone
Sunk costs are already gone
4. Averages mislead, margins decide
Averages mislead, margins decide
5. The third hour of studying
Each extra hour of studying tonight raises your expected grade value by 24, 19, 15 and 10 dollars in order, while each hour costs you 9, 13, 17 and 22 dollars of sleep and forgone work in order. How many hours should you study?
6. The nonrefundable ticket
Months ago you paid 40 dollars for a nonrefundable concert ticket. Tonight of the concert you feel unwell, and an evening of rest at home is worth 20 dollars to you, while attending while sick is worth 5 dollars to you. What should a rational decision maker do?
7. Best number of bakery batches
A small bakery can produce up to four extra batches of bread today. The batches add marginal profits of 21, 15, 9 and 4 dollars in order, and their marginal costs of baker overtime are 8, 12, 14 and 19 dollars in order. How many batches maximize net value? Write the number of batches.
8. Where to stop
Extra hours of exam preparation raise your expected grade value by 18, 12 and 7 dollars in order, while each hour costs 10 dollars in sleep and energy. How many hours should you study?
9. The membership trap
You paid 300 dollars for a yearly gym membership and now value each visit at 9 dollars while each visit costs 6 dollars in travel and time. Attendance so far makes the membership a loss. What should guide tonight's decision?
10. Net gain from training
Extra training sessions add benefits of 22, 16 and 11 dollars in order, and each session costs 13 dollars. Compute the total surplus from taking exactly the profitable number of sessions, and write the number.