Microeconomics · 免费预览
公地悲剧
竞争性但不可排他的资源会被过度使用，因为每个使用者都独享使用带来的全部收益，却只承担一小部分成本；而补救办法则来自产权、配额或社区治理。
1. The pasture that everyone owns
The pasture that everyone owns
2. The three repairs
The three repairs
3. Congestion and club goods
Congestion and club goods
4. The planet as the final commons
The planet as the final commons
5. The tragedy's mechanism
Why does an open pasture get overgrazed?
6. Ostrom's finding
What did Elinor Ostrom's research show about commons governance?
7. The herder's ledger
Adding a cow earns a herder 100 dollars while costing the commons 120 dollars, shared equally among 10 herders. Compute the herder's private share of the cost in dollars, and write the number.
8. The pasture's arithmetic
Why does an open pasture get overgrazed?
9. Ostrom's counterexample
What did Elinor Ostrom's research show about commons governance?
10. The shared bite
Adding a cow earns a herder 80 dollars while grazing damage totals 150 dollars shared equally among 30 herders. Compute the private cost the adding herder personally bears, and write the number.