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22.7 烯醇负离子的烷基化
也许烯醇负离子最有用的反应是用卤代烷处理使其烷基化，从而形成新的 C−C 键，并将两个较小的片段连接成一个较大的分子。烷基化
1. Perhaps the most useful reaction of enolate ions is their al
Perhaps the most useful reaction of enolate ions is their al
2. The Malonic Ester Synthesis
The Malonic Ester Synthesis
3. The product of a malonic ester alkylation has one acidic α h
The product of a malonic ester alkylation has one acidic α h
4. Decarboxylation is not a general reaction of carboxylic acid
Decarboxylation is not a general reaction of carboxylic acid
5. A malonic ester synthesis can also be used to prepare cycloa
A malonic ester synthesis can also be used to prepare cycloa
6. Part 6
Part 6
7. Worked Example 22.2: Using Malonic Ester Synthesis to Prepare a Carboxylic Acid
Worked Example 22.2: Using Malonic Ester Synthesis to Prepare a Carboxylic Acid
8. Part 8
Part 8
9. Part 9
Part 9
10. The Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
The Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
11. On heating with aqueous HCl, the alkylated (or dialkylated)
On heating with aqueous HCl, the alkylated (or dialkylated)
12. Part 12
Part 12
13. Worked Example 22.3: Using Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis to Prepare a Ketone
Worked Example 22.3: Using Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis to Prepare a Ketone
14. Part 14
Part 14
15. Part 15
Part 15
16. Direct Alkylation of Ketones, Esters, and Nitriles
Direct Alkylation of Ketones, Esters, and Nitriles
17. Note in the ketone example that alkylation of 2-methylcycloh
Note in the ketone example that alkylation of 2-methylcycloh
18. Part 18
Part 18
19. Worked Example 22.4: Using an Alkylation Reaction to Prepare a Substituted Ester
Worked Example 22.4: Using an Alkylation Reaction to Prepare a Substituted Ester
20. Part 20
Part 20
21. Biological Alkylations
Biological Alkylations