Principles of Finance · 免费预览
位置、分布与数据展示
百分位数和 z 分数用于确定观测值在分布中的位置，正态分布及其经验法则提供了钟形分布的基准，而频数表和诚实的图表能够不失真地呈现金融数据。
1. Percentiles and z-scores
Percentiles and z-scores
2. The normal distribution
The normal distribution
3. Frequency distributions and honest display
Frequency distributions and honest display
4. From description to inference
From description to inference
5. The percentile meaning
A fund's annual return sits at the 80th percentile of its peer group. What does that position mean?
6. Computing a z-score
A return of 15 percent comes from a distribution with mean 7 percent and standard deviation 8.8 percent. What is the z-score, and how should it be read?
7. The z-score's gift
Why are z-scores especially useful when comparing returns across different asset classes?
8. The empirical rule
For a roughly normal return distribution with mean 7 percent and standard deviation 8.8 percent, what range should contain about 95 percent of annual outcomes?
9. Fat tails caveat
Why do risk managers treat the normal distribution's predictions of extreme moves with suspicion?
10. The truncated axis
Why is a bar chart with a value axis that starts at 50 instead of 0 considered dishonest for amounts data?
11. The standardized position
What one-letter term names the number of standard deviations an observation sits from the mean? Write the letter.
12. The bell curve's full name
What two-word term names the symmetric bell-shaped distribution described by mean and standard deviation? Answer in lowercase.
13. The 68-95-99.7 rule
What two-word term names the rule that about 68, 95, and 99.7 percent of normal data fall within one, two, and three standard deviations? Answer in lowercase.
14. The ranking measure
What one-word term names the value below which a stated percentage of observations fall? Answer in lowercase.