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异常与上下文管理器
抛出自己的异常，定义自定义异常类，用 finally 执行清理，并编写处理准备与收尾工作的上下文管理器。
1. Overview
Overview
2. Raising Exceptions
Raising Exceptions
3. Custom Exception Classes
Custom Exception Classes
4. finally and Cleanup
finally and Cleanup
5. The with Statement's Protocol
The with Statement's Protocol
6. The contextlib Shortcut
The contextlib Shortcut
7. A Validated Loader
A Validated Loader
8. A Timing Context
A Timing Context